Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine

The Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine is one of the most traditional and widely used shot blasting equipment in the manufacturing industry. Its core feature is the adoption of a "mechanical shot feeding" system, which uses mechanical components such as screws, gears, and impellers to transport and feed shot particles. This type of equipment has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, high shot feeding capacity, low cost, and easy maintenance. It is suitable for handling large, medium, and small workpieces of various materials, such as steel, cast iron, aluminum alloy, and copper alloy. It is widely used in industries such as casting and forging, steel structure, shipbuilding, railway locomotive, and heavy machinery. The main functions of the Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine include surface cleaning (removing rust, oxide scale, sand, burrs, etc.), surface strengthening (improving surface hardness, fatigue strength, and wear resistance), and surface finishing (improving surface roughness and finish). It plays an important role in improving product quality, extending product service life, and reducing production costs.

The structural composition of the Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine is relatively simple, mainly including a shot blasting chamber, a mechanical shot feeding system, a shot blasting device, a shot recycling system, a workpiece support or conveying system, a dust removal system, and an electrical control system. Each part performs its own functions and cooperates with each other to complete the shot blasting process. The shot blasting chamber is the main working area, which is usually made of thick steel plates. The inner wall is lined with wear-resistant castings (such as high-chromium cast iron) or wear-resistant rubber to withstand the impact and abrasion of shot particles. The size of the chamber is designed according to the maximum size of the workpiece to be processed. The top or side of the chamber is usually equipped with an observation window, which allows the operator to observe the shot blasting process. The workpiece support or conveying system is used to fix or transport the workpiece. For large and heavy workpieces, a fixed support or a rotating table is usually used. The rotating table can drive the workpiece to rotate, ensuring that all surfaces of the workpiece are uniformly blasted. For small and medium-sized workpieces, a conveyor belt, roller conveyor, or chain conveyor is used to realize continuous or intermittent transportation of workpieces.

The mechanical shot feeding system is the core part of the equipment, which is responsible for transporting the shot particles from the shot storage bin to the shot blasting device. According to the different mechanical structures, the mechanical shot feeding system can be divided into screw type, gear type, impeller type, and bucket type. The screw type shot feeding system uses a screw conveyor to transport shot particles. The screw rotates under the drive of the motor, and the shot particles are pushed forward along the screw groove to the shot blasting device. This type of shot feeding system has a simple structure and reliable operation, but the shot feeding capacity is relatively small, which is suitable for small and medium-sized shot blasting machines. The gear type shot feeding system uses two meshing gears to transport shot particles. The shot particles fall into the gap between the gears, and as the gears rotate, the shot particles are transported to the shot blasting device. This type of shot feeding system has a stable shot flow and high shot feeding accuracy, which is suitable for precision shot blasting equipment. The impeller type shot feeding system uses an impeller to transport shot particles. The impeller rotates at high speed, and the shot particles are picked up by the blades of the impeller and thrown into the shot blasting device. This type of shot feeding system has a large shot feeding capacity and high efficiency, which is suitable for large-scale shot blasting machines. The bucket type shot feeding system uses a bucket elevator to lift the shot particles to the shot blasting device. This type of shot feeding system is usually used in conjunction with the shot recycling system, which can realize the continuous recycling and feeding of shot particles.

The shot blasting device is composed of a drive motor, an impeller, a blade, a directional sleeve, and a distributor. The drive motor drives the impeller to rotate at high speed (usually 1500-3000 r/min). The shot particles fed by the mechanical shot feeding system enter the impeller through the distributor. Under the action of centrifugal force, the shot particles are accelerated by the blades and thrown out at a high speed (usually 70-100 m/s) through the directional sleeve. The directional sleeve can adjust the angle of the shot flow, ensuring that the shot particles accurately hit the surface of the workpiece. The number of blades and the diameter of the impeller can be designed according to the requirements of the shot blasting process. The shot blasting device is usually installed on the side or top of the shot blasting chamber. For large workpieces, multiple shot blasting devices are often installed to achieve multi-angle and all-round shot blasting.

The shot recycling system is composed of a shot collection hopper, a screw conveyor, a bucket elevator, a separator, and a shot storage bin. After the shot particles hit the surface of the workpiece, they fall into the shot collection hopper at the bottom of the shot blasting chamber together with impurities such as rust and oxide scale. The screw conveyor transports the mixture to the bucket elevator, which lifts the mixture to the separator. The separator uses the principle of gravity and wind force to separate the qualified shot particles from the impurities. The qualified shot particles are sent to the shot storage bin for recycling, and the impurities are discharged to the waste bin. The separator has a simple structure and high separation efficiency, which can ensure the purity of the recycled shot particles. The dust removal system is used to collect the dust generated during the shot blasting process, which is usually composed of a cyclone dust collector, a filter bag dust collector, a fan, and a dust pipeline. The cyclone dust collector first separates the large-particle dust, and then the filter bag dust collector captures the small-particle dust. The purified air is discharged into the atmosphere, which meets the environmental protection requirements.

The electrical control system of the Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine is composed of a contactor, a relay, a button, and an indicator light. The control principle is relatively simple. The operator controls the start and stop of each part of the equipment through the button. Some advanced models are also equipped with a PLC controller and a touch screen, which can realize the automatic control of the shot blasting process. The operator can set the process parameters (such as shot feeding speed, shot blasting time, workpiece rotation speed, etc.) through the touch screen, and the PLC controller controls the operation of the equipment according to the set parameters. The electrical control system has high reliability and easy maintenance, which ensures the stable operation of the equipment.

The working principle of the Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine is as follows: First, the operator places the workpiece on the workpiece support or conveying system. Then, the operator starts the equipment through the electrical control system. The mechanical shot feeding system starts to work, transporting the shot particles from the shot storage bin to the shot blasting device. The shot blasting device drives the impeller to rotate at high speed, and the shot particles are accelerated and thrown out at high speed to hit the surface of the workpiece, removing the impurities such as rust and oxide scale on the surface. During the shot blasting process, the workpiece support or conveying system drives the workpiece to move or rotate, ensuring that all surfaces of the workpiece are uniformly blasted. After the shot blasting is completed, the operator stops the equipment and takes out the workpiece. At the same time, the shot recycling system collects and recycles the shot particles, and the dust removal system collects and treats the dust generated during the process. The entire process can be completed manually or automatically, depending on the configuration of the equipment.

The Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine has many advantages that make it widely used in the manufacturing industry. First, the structure is simple and reliable. The mechanical shot feeding system and other key components have a simple structure, few failure points, and easy maintenance. Even in harsh working environments (such as high temperature, high humidity, and dusty), it can operate stably. Second, the shot feeding capacity is large. Especially the impeller type and bucket type shot feeding systems have high shot feeding efficiency, which can meet the requirements of large-scale and high-efficiency shot blasting production. Third, the cost is low. Compared with other types of shot blasting machines (such as suction type and pneumatic type), the Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine has a lower manufacturing cost and maintenance cost, which is suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises with limited funds. Fourth, the adaptability is strong. It can handle workpieces of different sizes, shapes, and materials, and can adjust the shot blasting parameters (such as shot flow rate, shot speed, shot blasting time, etc.) according to the requirements of the workpiece, which meets the needs of different surface treatment processes. Fifth, the operation is simple. The electrical control system is easy to operate, and the operator can master the operation skills after simple training.

The application scope of the Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine is very wide, covering many heavy industries and manufacturing industries. In the casting and forging industry, it is used for the surface cleaning of castings and forgings. It can remove the sand, oxide scale, and burrs on the surface of the workpiece, improving the surface quality of the workpiece and reducing the subsequent processing workload. For example, in the production of auto engine blocks and cylinder heads, the Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine is used to clean the casting surface. In the steel structure industry, it is used for the surface treatment of steel plates, profiles, and steel structures. It can remove the rust and oil stains on the surface of the steel structure, improving the adhesion of the coating, ensuring the corrosion resistance and service life of the steel structure. For example, in the construction of bridges, workshops, and high-rise buildings, the steel structure needs to be shot blasted before coating. In the shipbuilding industry, it is used for the surface treatment of ship hulls, decks, and other components. It can remove the rust and marine organisms on the surface of the ship, improving the corrosion resistance of the ship and extending the service life of the ship. In the railway locomotive industry, it is used for the surface treatment of locomotive bogies, wheels, and axles. It can improve the surface hardness and fatigue strength of the components, ensuring the safety of railway transportation. In the heavy machinery industry, it is used for the surface treatment of large mechanical parts such as gears, shafts, and bearings. It can remove the burrs and oxide scale on the surface of the parts, improving the performance and service life of the parts.

The maintenance and maintenance of the Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine are relatively simple, but it is also very important to ensure the normal operation of the equipment and the shot blasting effect. Daily maintenance mainly includes the following aspects: First, check the mechanical shot feeding system. Regularly check the wear of the screw, gear, impeller, and other components. If the wear is serious, replace them in time. Check the tightness of the transmission belt or chain and adjust it in time. Add lubricating oil to the rotating parts to reduce friction and wear. Second, check the shot blasting device. Regularly check the wear of the blade, directional sleeve, and distributor. These components are easily worn due to the impact of shot particles. Replace them in time to ensure the shot blasting effect. Check the operation of the drive motor and listen to whether there is abnormal noise. Third, maintain the shot recycling system. Regularly clean the shot collection hopper, screw conveyor, and separator to avoid blocking the pipeline. Check the level of shot particles in the shot storage bin and add shot particles in time. Fourth, maintain the dust removal system. Regularly clean the dust collection hopper of the cyclone dust collector and the filter bag of the filter bag dust collector. Check the fan and dust pipeline for air leakage and repair it in time. Fifth, check the electrical control system. Regularly check the connection of electrical components, such as contactors, relays, and buttons. Clean the dust on the electrical components to ensure the stable operation of the electrical system. In addition, the equipment should be comprehensively maintained every six months to one year, including disassembling the shot blasting chamber to check the wear of the inner lining, overhauling the drive motor and other key components, and calibrating the electrical control system.

In conclusion, the Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine is a classic and practical surface treatment equipment. Its simple structure, reliable operation, high efficiency, and low cost make it play an important role in the manufacturing industry. Although with the development of technology, new types of shot blasting machines (such as suction type and pneumatic type) have emerged, the Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine still has irreplaceable advantages in many fields, especially in heavy industry and large-scale production. In the future, with the continuous improvement of industrial technology, the Mechanical Shot Feeding Type Shot Blasting Machine will be continuously optimized and improved, such as improving the wear resistance of components, increasing the degree of automation, and enhancing the environmental protection performance, to better meet the needs of modern industrial production. When using the equipment, it is necessary to strictly abide by the operating procedures, do a good job in daily maintenance and maintenance, so as to ensure the long-term stable operation of the equipment and the improvement of product quality.