Inclined Drum Shaking Shot Blasting Machine
The inclined drum shaking shot blasting machine is a specialized surface treatment equipment that combines the advantages of inclined drum rotation and shaking motion to achieve efficient and uniform cleaning, derusting, and strengthening of workpieces. It is mainly used for processing small and medium-sized workpieces with irregular shapes, such as castings, forgings, stamping parts, and hardware accessories. The inclined design of the drum allows the workpieces to roll and move along the drum under the action of gravity and rotation, while the shaking motion enhances the turning and mixing of the workpieces, ensuring that each surface of the workpieces is fully exposed to the shot flow. This type of machine has the characteristics of compact structure, high processing efficiency, uniform treatment effect, and strong adaptability to irregular workpieces, making it widely used in industries such as casting, forging, hardware, and automotive parts manufacturing. In this section, we will comprehensively introduce the working principle, structural composition, application scope, key advantages, operating procedures, maintenance requirements, and technical parameters of the inclined drum shaking shot blasting machine.
The working principle of the inclined drum shaking shot blasting machine is a combination of rotational motion and shaking motion, which promotes the full turning and mixing of workpieces, thereby achieving uniform shot blasting treatment. The core component of the machine is an inclined drum, which is installed at a certain angle (usually 5-15 degrees) to the horizontal plane. When the machine is in operation, the operator first loads the workpieces into the inclined drum. The drum is driven by a motor and a transmission mechanism to rotate around its axis. At the same time, a shaking mechanism drives the drum to perform reciprocating shaking motion. Under the combined action of rotation and shaking, the workpieces in the drum roll and move along the axial direction of the drum, and at the same time, they collide and mix with each other, ensuring that all surfaces of the workpieces are not shielded.
Simultaneously, the shot blasting device (usually one or more impellers installed on the side or top of the drum) accelerates the shot particles to a high speed (60-100 m/s) and sprays them into the drum through the shot blasting window. The high-speed shot particles impact the surface of the workpieces, removing rust, oxide scales, burrs, and other impurities. At the same time, the impact of the shot particles can also form a certain roughness on the surface of the workpieces, improving the adhesion of subsequent coatings or enhancing the fatigue resistance of the workpieces. After the shot blasting process, the shot particles and the cleaned impurities are discharged from the drum along with the workpieces (for batch processing) or separated in the drum through a special separation device. The reusable shot particles are recycled to the shot blasting device for reuse, while the impurities are collected by the dust removal system to ensure a clean working environment.
The structural composition of the inclined drum shaking shot blasting machine is mainly composed of the inclined drum assembly, shot blasting device, transmission system, shaking mechanism, shot circulation and separation system, dust removal system, electrical control system, and frame. The inclined drum assembly is the core part that holds and drives the workpieces to move, and its structure and material directly affect the treatment effect and service life. The drum is usually made of high-wear-resistant steel plates, and the inner wall is equipped with wear-resistant liners (such as manganese steel liners, rubber liners) to reduce wear caused by the collision between workpieces and shot particles. The drum is installed on the frame through a rotating shaft and a bearing, and its inclination angle can be adjusted according to the type and size of the workpieces to ensure that the workpieces can move smoothly along the drum. The length and diameter of the drum vary according to the model, with a diameter ranging from 500-1500 mm and a length ranging from 800-3000 mm, which determines the batch processing capacity of the machine.
The shot blasting device is responsible for accelerating the shot particles and spraying them onto the workpieces. It usually consists of impellers, motors, shot feeding pipes, and shot blasting windows. The impellers are made of high-wear-resistant alloy steel, and their blades are designed with a special curved shape to ensure the maximum acceleration of the shot particles. The number of impellers is usually 1-4, which are installed around the drum to ensure that the shot flow can cover the entire area of the drum. The shot blasting window is equipped with a wear-resistant baffle to prevent the shot particles from splashing out and protect the surrounding components. The motor power of the shot blasting device ranges from 3-30 kW, and the speed of the impeller can reach 2800-3600 r/min, ensuring that the shot particles have sufficient kinetic energy to impact the workpieces.
The transmission system is responsible for driving the rotation of the inclined drum, which usually consists of a motor, reducer, chain drive, or belt drive. The transmission system needs to provide stable rotational speed, which can be adjusted according to the type and size of the workpieces. The rotational speed of the drum is generally 10-30 r/min. For fragile workpieces, a lower rotational speed is used to avoid collision damage, while for workpieces that require thorough cleaning, a higher rotational speed is used to enhance the turning of the workpieces.
The shaking mechanism is a unique component of the inclined drum shaking shot blasting machine, which is used to drive the drum to perform reciprocating shaking motion. The shaking mechanism usually consists of a motor, eccentric wheel, connecting rod, and guide rail. When the motor rotates, the eccentric wheel drives the connecting rod to move, thereby driving the drum to shake reciprocally along the guide rail. The shaking amplitude and frequency can be adjusted according to the processing requirements, with an amplitude ranging from 5-20 mm and a frequency ranging from 10-30 times per minute. The shaking motion can effectively prevent the workpieces from being stuck in the drum and enhance the mixing of the workpieces, ensuring that each surface of the workpieces is fully exposed to the shot flow.
The shot circulation and separation system is used to recycle the shot particles and separate them from the impurities. This system includes a shot storage hopper, shot feeding pipe, screw conveyor, separator, and shot recovery pipe. After the shot particles impact the workpieces, they fall into the bottom of the machine along with the impurities, and are transported to the separator by the screw conveyor. The separator uses the principle of air separation and gravity separation to separate the shot particles from the impurities. The clean shot particles are sent back to the shot storage hopper through the shot recovery pipe and then supplied to the shot blasting device for recycling. The light impurities (such as dust, oxide scales) are sent to the dust removal system, and the heavy impurities (such as metal scraps, large burrs) are discharged to the waste collection box. The separation efficiency of the separator is usually above 99%, which can ensure the purity of the recycled shot particles and reduce the consumption of shot particles.
The dust removal system is used to collect the dust generated during the shot blasting process, ensuring the environmental protection and safety of the working environment. It usually consists of a dust hood, air duct, dust remover, and exhaust fan. The dust hood is installed above and around the drum to collect the dust generated during the shot blasting process. The dust is sucked into the dust remover through the air duct by the exhaust fan. Common dust removers include bag-type dust removers and cyclone-bag combined dust removers. The bag-type dust remover has high dust removal efficiency, which can collect fine dust with a particle size of less than 10 μm, ensuring that the emission concentration meets the national environmental protection standards. Some machines are also equipped with a pulse jet cleaning system to automatically clean the filter bag, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the dust remover.
The electrical control system is responsible for controlling the operation of the entire machine, including the start and stop of the drum rotation, shaking mechanism, shot blasting device, shot circulation system, and dust removal system. It usually consists of a PLC controller, touch screen, frequency converter, contactor, and various sensors (such as position sensors, pressure sensors). The operator can set the processing parameters (such as shot blasting time, drum speed, shaking frequency, shot flow rate) through the touch screen, and the PLC controller will automatically control the operation of each component according to the set parameters. The electrical control system also has multiple safety protection functions, such as door interlock protection (the machine cannot start when the drum door is open), overload protection (the motor stops automatically when overloaded), overheating protection (the motor stops automatically when overheated), and fault alarm (an alarm is issued when a fault occurs), ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the machine.
The frame is used to support and fix all components of the machine, ensuring the stability and rigidity of the machine during operation. The frame is usually made of welded steel plates, and after stress relief treatment to avoid deformation during long-term operation. The bottom of the frame is equipped with adjustable feet to facilitate the leveling and installation of the machine.
The inclined drum shaking shot blasting machine is mainly suitable for processing small and medium-sized irregular workpieces that require batch surface treatment. In the casting industry, it is used to clean castings such as gray iron castings, ductile iron castings, and aluminum alloy castings. After casting, there are oxide scales, sand residues, and burrs on the surface of the castings, which need to be removed by shot blasting to improve the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the castings. In the forging industry, it is used to clean forgings such as steel forgings, copper forgings, and aluminum forgings. Shot blasting can remove the oxide scales and decarburized layers on the surface of the forgings, improving the surface hardness and wear resistance of the forgings.
In the hardware industry, it is used to process hardware products such as hinges, locks, tools, and fasteners. Shot blasting can remove the rust and oil stains on the surface of the hardware products, and form a uniform rough surface, improving the adhesion of subsequent electroplating or painting. In the automotive parts manufacturing industry, it is used to process small auto parts such as gears, bearings, brackets, and connecting rods. Shot blasting can not only clean the surface of the parts but also strengthen the surface of the parts through shot peening, improving the fatigue resistance of the parts. In addition, it is also used in industries such as aerospace (processing small precision parts), electronic (processing small electronic components), and medical (processing small medical devices).
The inclined drum shaking shot blasting machine has many key advantages compared with other types of shot blasting machines. First, it has a good treatment effect on irregular workpieces. The combined action of the inclined drum's rotation and shaking makes the irregular workpieces roll and mix fully, avoiding the problem of uneven treatment caused by the shielding of the workpieces' concave surfaces or complex structures. Each surface of the workpieces can be fully exposed to the shot flow, ensuring uniform cleaning and strengthening. Second, it has high processing efficiency. The batch processing capacity of the machine is large, and the processing time is short (usually 5-20 minutes per batch). The combination of rotation and shaking enhances the turning speed of the workpieces, making the shot blasting process more efficient.
Third, it has strong adaptability. It can process workpieces of different materials (such as steel, iron, aluminum, copper, plastic), different shapes (such as cylindrical, spherical, irregular), and different sizes (from a few millimeters to hundreds of millimeters). By adjusting the processing parameters (such as shot particle size, shot flow rate, drum speed, shaking frequency), it can meet different surface treatment requirements (such as light cleaning, heavy derusting, strengthening, polishing). Fourth, it has a compact structure and small floor space. The machine integrates multiple functions such as shot blasting, collection, separation, and dust removal into one, with a compact layout, which is suitable for factories with limited production space.
Fifth, it is easy to operate and maintain. The electrical control system with PLC and touch screen makes the operation simple and intuitive. The operator can complete the setting and operation of the machine through the touch screen. The key components (such as impellers, drum liners) are easy to disassemble and replace, and the maintenance work is mainly focused on regular cleaning, lubrication, and replacement of worn parts, with low maintenance cost. Sixth, it is safe and reliable. The multiple safety protection functions (door interlock, overload protection, overheating protection, fault alarm) can ensure the safe operation of the machine and protect the personal safety of operators. The closed structure of the drum can prevent the shot particles from splashing out, reducing the risk of injury to operators.
To ensure the normal operation and treatment effect of the inclined drum shaking shot blasting machine, correct operating procedures must be followed. The specific operating steps are as follows: first, check the machine before starting, including checking whether the shot particle storage is sufficient, whether the drum liner is worn, whether the transmission system and shaking mechanism are normal, whether the dust removal system is unblocked, whether the safety interlock is effective, and whether the electrical components are intact. Second, load the workpieces into the inclined drum, ensuring that the loading amount does not exceed the rated capacity (usually 60-70% of the drum volume) to avoid affecting the turning and mixing of the workpieces. For fragile workpieces, a buffer material (such as rubber sheets) can be placed in the drum to reduce collision damage. Third, close the drum door, ensuring that the door is tightly closed and the safety interlock is triggered. Fourth, set the processing parameters on the touch screen, such as shot blasting time, drum speed, shaking frequency, and shot flow rate, according to the type and surface treatment requirements of the workpieces. Fifth, start the machine in the correct order: first start the dust removal system, then start the shot circulation system, then start the drum rotation and shaking mechanism, and finally start the shot blasting device. During the operation, pay attention to observing the operation status of the machine, such as whether there is abnormal noise, whether the drum shakes stably, whether the shot flow is uniform, and whether the dust removal effect is good. Sixth, after the processing is completed, stop the machine in the reverse order: first stop the shot blasting device, then stop the drum rotation and shaking mechanism, then stop the shot circulation system, and finally stop the dust removal system. Seventh, open the drum door, take out the processed workpieces, and check the surface treatment effect. If the effect is not satisfactory, adjust the parameters and reprocess. Eighth, clean the machine, remove the impurities in the shot circulation system and the dust collection device, and check the wear status of the key components.
Regular maintenance of the inclined drum shaking shot blasting machine is crucial to extend its service life and ensure stable performance. The maintenance work mainly includes the following aspects: daily maintenance: clean the surface of the machine and the internal impurities, check the shot particle storage and supplement in time, check the tightness of the drum door (to avoid shot leakage), check the operation status of the motor and reducer, and check the dust removal system for blockage. Weekly maintenance: check the wear status of the impeller blade and the drum liner. If the wear is excessive, replace them in time. Check the shaking mechanism for loose connections or worn parts (such as eccentric wheels, connecting rods) and repair or replace them if necessary. Lubricate the transmission system, shaking mechanism, and bearing (add lubricating oil or grease according to the requirements). Check the electrical connections for looseness and tighten them if necessary. Monthly maintenance: check the separation efficiency of the separator and clean the separator if necessary. Check the performance of the dust remover (such as the pressure difference of the filter bag) and replace the filter bag if necessary. Check the safety protection devices for effectiveness and calibrate the electrical control system. Annual maintenance: conduct a comprehensive inspection of the entire machine, including the frame, drum assembly, shot blasting device, transmission system, shaking mechanism, shot circulation system, dust removal system, and electrical system. Repair or replace worn or damaged components, and conduct performance testing and adjustment to ensure that the machine meets the original technical indicators.
The technical parameters of the inclined drum shaking shot blasting machine vary according to different models and manufacturers, but the main technical parameters include the following: drum size: diameter × length, usually 500×800 mm to 1500×3000 mm. Rated loading capacity: 50-500 kg per batch, depending on the density of the workpieces. Drum inclination angle: 5-15 degrees, adjustable. Drum speed: 10-30 r/min, adjustable. Shaking amplitude: 5-20 mm, adjustable. Shaking frequency: 10-30 times per minute, adjustable. Shot blasting device: number of impellers 1-4, impeller diameter 250-600 mm, motor power 3-30 kW. Shot flow rate: 50-500 kg/min, adjustable. Shot particle size: 0.2-2.0 mm. Processing time: 5-20 minutes per batch. Surface cleanliness: for steel workpieces, it can reach Sa2.5-Sa3 level. Surface roughness: Ra 20-100 μm, adjustable. Dust removal efficiency: ≥99.5%. Overall dimensions: length × width × height, usually 1800×1200×2000 mm to 4000×2500×3500 mm. Weight: 1000-5000 kg, depending on the size and configuration of the machine.
In conclusion, the inclined drum shaking shot blasting machine is a high-efficiency, versatile, and reliable surface treatment equipment that is particularly suitable for processing small and medium-sized irregular workpieces. Its unique combination of inclined drum rotation and shaking motion ensures uniform and thorough surface treatment, while its compact structure, easy operation, and low maintenance cost make it widely used in various manufacturing industries. By understanding its working principle, structural composition, application scope, advantages, operating procedures, maintenance requirements, and technical parameters, users can better select, use, and maintain the equipment, improving production efficiency and product quality.
