Horizontal Mobile Floor Shot Blasting Machine

The horizontal mobile floor shot blasting machine is a specialized surface treatment equipment designed for the cleaning, derusting, and roughening of large-area horizontal surfaces, such as concrete floors, steel plates, ship decks, airport runways, and warehouse floors. Unlike fixed shot blasting machines, this type of machine features a horizontal mobile design, allowing it to move flexibly on the surface to be treated, enabling efficient and uniform processing of large-area surfaces. With its advantages of high processing efficiency, good treatment effect, environmental friendliness, and strong adaptability, the horizontal mobile floor shot blasting machine has become an essential equipment in industries such as construction, shipbuilding, aerospace, transportation, and logistics. This section will provide a detailed introduction to the working principle, structural composition, application scope, key advantages, operating procedures, maintenance requirements, and technical parameters of the horizontal mobile floor shot blasting machine, helping readers gain a comprehensive understanding of this equipment.

The working principle of the horizontal mobile floor shot blasting machine is based on the kinetic energy impact of high-speed shot particles on the surface to be treated. When the machine is in operation, the operator starts the machine and pushes or drives it to move horizontally on the surface to be treated. The shot blasting device inside the machine (usually one or more high-speed rotating impellers) accelerates the shot particles (such as steel shots, stainless steel shots) to a high speed (generally 80-120 m/s) and sprays them vertically downward onto the surface to be treated. The high-speed shot particles impact the surface, removing impurities such as dust, oil stains, rust, and old coatings on the surface, and at the same time, forming a uniform rough surface on the treated surface.

For concrete surfaces, shot blasting can not only remove the floating slurry and impurities on the surface but also open the capillary pores of the concrete, improving the adhesion of subsequent coatings (such as epoxy floor paint, polyurethane floor paint) and enhancing the durability of the floor. For steel surfaces, shot blasting can effectively remove rust and oxide scales, reaching the Sa2.5-Sa3 level of cleanliness required by the industry, providing a good surface condition for subsequent welding, painting, or galvanizing. During the shot blasting process, the shot particles and the cleaned impurities are collected by the built-in collection device of the machine. The shot particles are separated from the impurities through the separation system and recycled to the shot blasting device for reuse, while the impurities are collected into the dust collection box or discharged to the dust remover, ensuring a clean working environment.

The structural composition of the horizontal mobile floor shot blasting machine is relatively complex, integrating shot blasting, collection, separation, dust removal, and mobile functions. Its core components mainly include the mobile chassis, shot blasting device, shot circulation and separation system, dust removal system, electrical control system, and operating system. The mobile chassis is the foundation of the machine's movement, usually consisting of a steel frame, wheels, and a driving mechanism. The wheels are usually made of high-wear-resistant rubber or polyurethane materials to avoid damaging the surface to be treated while ensuring good mobility. The driving mechanism can be manual push, electric drive, or hydraulic drive. Manual push is suitable for small-area processing, while electric or hydraulic drive is suitable for large-area and high-efficiency processing, with a moving speed ranging from 0-5 m/min, which can be adjusted according to the processing requirements.

The shot blasting device is the core working component of the machine, responsible for accelerating the shot particles. It usually consists of impellers, motors, and shot feeding mechanisms. The impellers are made of high-wear-resistant alloy steel, and their blades are designed with a special curved shape to maximize the acceleration effect of the shot particles. The number of impellers can be 1-6, depending on the width of the processing surface. For example, small machines with a processing width of 300-500 mm are usually equipped with 1-2 impellers, while large machines with a processing width of 800-1500 mm are equipped with 3-6 impellers. The motor power of the shot blasting device ranges from 5.5-45 kW, and the speed of the impeller can reach 2800-3600 r/min, ensuring that the shot particles can be accelerated to the required high speed.

The shot circulation and separation system is crucial for ensuring the continuous operation of the machine and reducing the consumption of shot particles. This system includes a shot storage hopper, shot feeding pipe, screw conveyor, separator, and shot recovery pipe. When the machine is working, the shot particles in the storage hopper are sent to the shot blasting device through the shot feeding pipe. After impacting the surface to be treated, the shot particles and impurities fall into the collection hopper at the bottom of the machine, and are transported to the separator by the screw conveyor. The separator uses the principle of air separation and gravity separation to separate the shot particles from the impurities. The clean shot particles are sent back to the storage hopper through the shot recovery pipe for recycling, while the light impurities (such as dust, paint chips) are sent to the dust removal system, and the heavy impurities (such as large gravel, metal scraps) are discharged to the waste collection box.

The dust removal system is an important part of the horizontal mobile floor shot blasting machine, which is used to collect the dust generated during the shot blasting process and ensure the environmental protection and safety of the working environment. The dust removal system usually consists of a dust hood, air duct, dust remover, and exhaust fan. The dust hood is installed at the bottom of the machine, closely attached to the surface to be treated, to prevent dust from escaping. The dust is sucked into the dust remover through the air duct by the exhaust fan. Common dust removers include bag-type dust removers and cyclone-bag combined dust removers. The bag-type dust remover has high dust removal efficiency, which can effectively collect fine dust with a particle size of less than 10 μm, ensuring that the emission concentration meets the national environmental protection standards (usually ≤10 mg/m³). Some advanced machines are also equipped with a HEPA filter to further improve the dust removal effect.

The electrical control system is responsible for controlling the operation of the entire machine, including the start and stop of the shot blasting device, the operation of the dust removal system, the movement of the chassis, and the adjustment of parameters. It usually consists of a PLC controller, touch screen, frequency converter, contactor, and various sensors. The operator can set the processing parameters (such as shot flow rate, impeller speed, moving speed) through the touch screen, and the PLC controller will automatically control the operation of each component according to the set parameters. The electrical control system also has multiple safety protection functions, such as overload protection (the motor stops automatically when overloaded), overheating protection (the motor stops automatically when overheated), and emergency stop button (the machine can be stopped immediately in case of emergency), ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the machine.

The operating system is used for the operator to control the movement and operation of the machine, which usually includes a handle, control panel, and display screen. For manual push machines, the operator pushes the handle to move the machine, and controls the start and stop of the shot blasting device through the buttons on the control panel. For electric or hydraulic drive machines, the operator controls the movement direction and speed of the machine through the joystick on the handle, and monitors the operation status of the machine (such as shot particle storage, dust removal system pressure difference) through the display screen.

The horizontal mobile floor shot blasting machine has a wide range of application scenarios, mainly focusing on the surface treatment of large-area horizontal surfaces. In the construction industry, it is widely used for the surface treatment of concrete floors in commercial buildings, industrial workshops, warehouses, and parking lots. Shot blasting can remove the floating slurry and impurities on the concrete surface, increase the surface roughness, and improve the adhesion of floor coatings, ensuring that the floor coating is firm and durable. It is also used for the surface treatment of bridge decks, airport runways, and highway pavements. For example, shot blasting of airport runways can remove the old anti-skid coating and re-roughen the surface, improving the anti-skid performance of the runway and ensuring flight safety.

In the shipbuilding industry, it is used for the surface treatment of ship decks and hold floors. The ship deck is exposed to the marine environment for a long time, which is prone to rust and corrosion. Shot blasting can effectively remove rust and old coatings, providing a clean surface for subsequent anti-corrosion coating. In the steel structure manufacturing industry, it is used for the surface treatment of large steel plates, steel beams, and steel trusses. Shot blasting can remove oxide scales and rust on the surface of steel, reaching the required cleanliness level, and improving the quality of welding and coating. In the logistics industry, it is used for the surface treatment of warehouse floors and container yards, enhancing the wear resistance and anti-skid performance of the floor. In addition, it is also used in industries such as aerospace (surface treatment of aircraft hangar floors), automotive manufacturing (surface treatment of factory floors), and nuclear power (surface treatment of nuclear power plant floors).

The horizontal mobile floor shot blasting machine has many key advantages compared with traditional surface treatment methods (such as grinding, chemical cleaning). First, it has high processing efficiency. The processing width of the machine ranges from 300-1500 mm, and the processing speed can reach 100-500 m²/h, which is much higher than traditional manual grinding methods. For example, a machine with a processing width of 800 mm and a moving speed of 3 m/min can process about 144 m² per hour. Second, the treatment effect is uniform. The shot blasting device sprays the shot particles uniformly onto the surface to be treated, and the mobile design ensures that the entire surface is processed uniformly, avoiding the uneven treatment caused by manual operation. The surface roughness after treatment is uniform, which can meet the technical requirements of different coatings.

Third, it is environmentally friendly and pollution-free. The built-in dust removal system can effectively collect the dust generated during the shot blasting process, avoiding dust pollution to the environment and protecting the health of operators. Unlike chemical cleaning methods, it does not use any chemical agents, so there is no chemical waste discharge, and it will not cause pollution to the soil and water sources. Fourth, it has strong adaptability. It can process various types of surfaces, including concrete, steel, asphalt, and terrazzo. It can also adjust the processing parameters (such as shot particle size, shot flow rate, moving speed) according to the surface condition and treatment requirements, achieving different treatment effects (such as light cleaning, heavy derusting, roughening).

Fifth, it is easy to operate and maintain. The machine adopts a humanized design, and the operator can master the operation skills after simple training. The structural design is reasonable, and the key components (such as impellers, screws) are easy to disassemble and replace. The maintenance work is mainly focused on regular cleaning, lubrication, and replacement of worn parts, with low maintenance cost. Sixth, it can improve the durability of the treated surface. For concrete surfaces, shot blasting can open the capillary pores, making the coating penetrate deeper into the concrete, improving the bonding strength between the coating and the concrete, and extending the service life of the floor. For steel surfaces, shot blasting can not only remove rust but also form a compressive stress layer on the surface, improving the fatigue resistance of the steel.

To ensure the normal operation and treatment effect of the horizontal mobile floor shot blasting machine, correct operating procedures must be followed. The specific operating steps are as follows: first, prepare before operation, including checking the surface to be treated (removing large obstacles, such as stones, steel bars) to ensure that the machine can move smoothly. Check the machine's shot particle storage (ensure that the shot particles are sufficient and the particle size meets the requirements), check the operation status of the shot blasting device (whether the impeller is worn, whether the motor is normal), check the dust removal system (whether the filter bag is clean, whether the air duct is unblocked), check the mobile chassis (whether the wheels are intact, whether the driving mechanism is normal), and check the electrical system (whether the connections are tight, whether the safety protection devices are effective). Second, adjust the processing parameters according to the surface condition and treatment requirements, such as setting the shot flow rate, impeller speed, and moving speed through the touch screen. Third, start the machine in the correct order: first start the dust removal system, wait for the exhaust fan to run stably, then start the shot circulation system, then start the shot blasting device, and finally start the mobile chassis to move the machine. During the operation, the operator should hold the handle firmly, control the moving direction of the machine, and ensure that the machine moves in a straight line to avoid missing processing or overlapping processing. At the same time, pay attention to observing the operation status of the machine, such as whether there is abnormal noise, whether the dust removal effect is good, and whether the treatment effect meets the requirements. Fourth, when processing the edge of the surface (such as the edge of the floor, the corner of the wall), reduce the moving speed and adjust the shot flow rate to ensure that the edge is fully treated. Fifth, after the processing is completed, stop the machine in the reverse order: first stop the mobile chassis, then stop the shot blasting device, then stop the shot circulation system, and finally stop the dust removal system. Sixth, clean the machine, remove the impurities in the shot circulation system and the dust collection box, check the wear status of the key components, and supplement the shot particles if necessary. Seventh, check the treated surface, and if there are areas that do not meet the requirements, reprocess them.

Regular maintenance of the horizontal mobile floor shot blasting machine is essential to extend its service life and ensure stable performance. The maintenance work mainly includes the following aspects: daily maintenance: clean the surface of the machine and the internal impurities (such as dust, shot particle residues), check the shot particle storage and supplement in time, check the tightness of the air duct and the connection of the shot feeding pipe (to avoid air leakage or shot leakage), check the operation status of the wheels and the driving mechanism, and check the electrical components for looseness or damage. Weekly maintenance: check the wear status of the impeller blade and the shot blasting chamber liner. If the wear is excessive (such as the blade thickness is reduced by more than 15%), replace them in time. Check the screw conveyor for wear or blockage, and clean or replace it if necessary. Lubricate the driving mechanism, reducer, and bearing (add lubricating oil or grease according to the requirements). Check the dust remover filter bag for blockage or damage, and clean or replace it if necessary. Monthly maintenance: check the separation efficiency of the separator and adjust the air volume if necessary to ensure that the shot particles are fully separated from the impurities. Check the motor and electrical control system for abnormal heating or noise, and conduct insulation testing on the motor. Check the safety protection devices (such as emergency stop button, overload protector) for effectiveness. Annual maintenance: conduct a comprehensive inspection of the entire machine, including the mobile chassis, shot blasting device, shot circulation system, dust removal system, and electrical system. Repair or replace the worn or damaged components (such as frame, shot storage hopper, dust hood). Conduct performance testing and adjustment (such as testing the shot flow rate, dust removal efficiency, moving speed) to ensure that the machine meets the original technical indicators.

The technical parameters of the horizontal mobile floor shot blasting machine vary according to different models and manufacturers, but the main technical parameters include the following: processing width: 300-1500 mm, which determines the processing efficiency of the machine. Processing speed: 0-5 m/min, adjustable, and the actual processing area per hour is 100-500 m²/h. Shot blasting device: number of impellers 1-6, impeller diameter 300-600 mm, motor power 5.5-45 kW. Shot flow rate: 100-800 kg/min, adjustable according to the processing requirements. Shot particle size: 0.3-2.5 mm, suitable for different surface materials and treatment effects. Surface cleanliness: for steel surfaces, it can reach Sa2.5-Sa3 level; for concrete surfaces, it can remove floating slurry and impurities completely. Surface roughness: Ra 30-150 μm, adjustable according to the processing parameters. Dust removal efficiency: ≥99.5%, emission concentration ≤10 mg/m³. Mobile mode: manual push, electric drive, or hydraulic drive. Power supply: 380V/50Hz (three-phase four-wire system), or customized according to the user's power supply conditions. Overall dimensions: length × width × height, usually 1200×800×1500 mm to 3000×1800×2200 mm. Weight: 500-3000 kg, depending on the size and configuration of the machine.

In summary, the horizontal mobile floor shot blasting machine is a high-efficiency, environmental-friendly, and versatile surface treatment equipment that plays an important role in the surface treatment of large-area horizontal surfaces in various industries. Its flexible mobile design, uniform treatment effect, and good environmental protection performance make it an ideal choice for modern surface treatment projects. By mastering its working principle, structural composition, application scope, advantages, operating procedures, maintenance requirements, and technical parameters, users can better select and use the equipment, improving the quality and efficiency of surface treatment projects.